ANALISIS KESEIMBANGAN PASAR TERHADAP PEMENUHAN KEBUTUHAN POKOK MASYARAKAT MASA LEBARAN: BERDASARKAN TEORI KESEIMBANGAN HARGA PASAR
Abstract
This study analyzes changes in market equilibrium regarding basic necessities during the period leading up to Eid al-Fitr until Eid al-Fitr in 2024 to 2025 using market price equilibrium theory through a quantitative descriptive approach based on secondary data on daily prices from the Market and Basic Necessities Monitoring System (SP2KP) and the Ministry of Trade and the Strategic Food Price Information Center The commodities analyzed include rice, cooking oil, eggs, and meat, with a focus on shifts in demand and supply as well as changes in price equilibrium before, during, and after Eid. Empirical results show that during the period from 14 days before to 7 days after Eid, all commodities experienced price increases, with the highest spikes occurring in meat (±17.38%), chili, and cooking oil. This was due to a significant and simultaneous increase in demand, while supply tended to be rigid due to distribution limitations, seasonal factors, and indications of hoarding and speculation. This condition caused a shift in market equilibrium to a higher price level (seasonal disequilibrium). After Eid al-Fitr, prices gradually declined and approached the initial equilibrium as demand and distribution normalized, confirming that fluctuations in the prices of basic necessities during Eid al-Fitr were in line with market equilibrium theory but were strongly influenced by non-productive external factors.
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References
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